# Git commands: A quick overview

This is a short introductory article for git commands.

## Setup and Initialization

This command is used to initialize an existing folder as a git repo

`git init`

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This is used to copy a git repo

`git clone [URL]`

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## Stage and Snapshot
Show modified files in the working directory that are staged for your next commit
`git status`

Add a file for your next commit

`git add [fileName]`

to add all files

`git add .`

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unstaged a file while retaining the changes in the working directory

`git reset [fileName]`

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check the difference between what is changed but not staged

`git diff`

check the difference between what is staged but not yet committed

`git diff --staged`

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Commit staged content as a new commit snapshot

`git commit -m "message"`

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## Branch and Merge

List your branches. A `*` will appear next to the currently active branch

`git branch`

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Create a new branch at the current commit

`git branch [branch-name]`

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Switch to another branch and check it into your working directory

`git checkout`

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merge the specified branch's history into the current one

`git merge [branch]`

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show all the commits in the current branch's history

`git log`

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## Inspect and Compare

show the commits on BranchA that are not in BranchB

`git log branchB..branchA`

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show the commit that changed file, even across renames

`git log --follow [file]`

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show the diff of what is in BranchA that is not in BranchB

`git diff branchB..branchA`

show any object in Git in human readable format

`git show [SHA]`

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## Tracking Path Changes

Delete the files from project and stage the removal for commit

`git rm [file]`

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change an existing file path and stage the move

`git mv[existing-path][new-path]`

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show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved

`git log --state  -M`

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## Share and Update

add a git URL as an alias

`git remote add [alias][URL]`

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fetch down all the branches from that git remote

`git fetch [alias]`

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Merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date

`git merge [alias]/[branch]`

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Transmit local branch commits to the remove repo branch

`git push [alias][branch]`

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fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch

`git pull`

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## Rewrite History

apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one

`git rebase [branch]`

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clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit

`git reset --hard[commit]`

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## Temporary Commits

Save modified and staged changes

`git stash`

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list the stack-order of stashed file changes

`git stash list`

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write working from top of stash stack

`git stash stop`

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discard the changes from the top of stash stack

`git stash drop`

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This is pretty much all important git commands. I hope it helped. Thanks and Keep Learning!